Air conditioning systems are complex pieces of machinery, but the basic principle is relatively straightforward: they remove heat and humidity from your indoor air. This is achieved through a cycle involving refrigerant, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator coil. The refrigerant absorbs heat as it evaporates in the evaporator coil (located inside your air handler), then is compressed, releasing that heat in the condenser (usually outside). This cycle repeats continuously, providing cool air throughout your home.

Modern air conditioning systems are significantly more efficient than older models, often incorporating variable-speed fans and advanced filtration systems. Understanding the core components and their functions is key to recognizing potential problems and ensuring optimal performance. Regular maintenance can extend the lifespan of your system and prevent costly repairs.